水母雪莲细胞培养物调血脂作用的初步研究

为研究水母雪莲细胞培养物对高脂大鼠的调血脂作用,将雄性SD大鼠分为4组：正常对照组(A组)、高脂模型组(B组)、高剂量组(C组)和低剂量组(D组)。A组喂基础饲料,B组喂高脂饲料,C组喂高脂饲料的同时饲以大剂量水母雪莲细胞培养物,D组喂高脂饲料的同时饲以小剂量水母雪莲细胞培养物。给药1/d,3周后采血,测定血脂水平及肝肾功能。C组较B组各项血脂指标均有改善,各组间肝肾功能未见显性差异。初步研究表明,水母雪莲细胞培养物对高脂大鼠具有调血脂的作用。本实验用药剂量安全。     

Transformation of Saussurea involucrata by Agrobacterium rhizogenes: Hairy root induction and syringin production

Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated genetic transformation of Saussurea involucrata was investigated. Four bacterial strains, A4, LBA 9402, R1000 and R1601 and three explant types, leaf blade, petiole and root, were examined. Over 100 hairy root lines were successfully established with strains R1601, R1000 and LBA9402, but none with A4. The highest transformation efficiency of 67% was achieved by using strain R1601 with root explants. One hairy root line isolated from this combination, HR1601-1, produced up to 43.5 ± 1.13 mg syringin g⁻¹ dw, which is about 50-fold higher than that in the wild type plants.Two other lines, HR1000-1 and HRLBA9402-1, isolated from R1000- and LBA9402-transformed roots, respectively, also displayed high capacity of syringin production, being 32.5 ± 3.08 and 39.7 ± 1.37 mg syringin g⁻¹ dw. These three lines were characterized in detail. Polymerase chain reaction analyses confirmed these root lines were of A. rhizogenes origin.     

低温锻炼对绵头雪莲花组织培养苗抗寒性及抗氧化酶活性的影响

高山植物绵头雪莲花(Saussurea laniceps HandMazz.)组织培养苗经2℃低温锻炼后抗寒性明显增强,SOD、CAT、POD活性明显提高,可溶性蛋白质、脯氨酸含量升高,而可溶性糖含量没有明显变化.脱锻炼期间可溶性蛋白质含量仍高于低温锻炼期间的水平,脱锻炼后抗氧化酶活性略有上升或保持稳定状态.这些变化是绵头雪莲花组织培养苗适应低温逆境的生理生化基础.     

雪莲PBP基因表达载体的构建

目的:利用新疆雪莲特殊功能基因磷脂酰乙醇胺结合蛋白基因(XLPBP)与基础质粒构建植物表达载体pXLPBP,为介导该基因在植物中表达,以期提高植物抗寒力的转基因研究打下基础。方法:利用设计好的两端加有EcoRⅠ酶切位点的引物,对XLPBP全长基因片段进行PCR扩增,获得700bp左右大小的片段,将其纯化回收并与同样经过EcoRⅠ酶切的质粒pCAMBIA3301连接;然后采用冻融法和电击法,将含XLPBP基因的载体pCAMBIA3301转入根癌农杆菌中。结果:通过一系列分子克隆方法获得含雪莲XLPBP基因的植物表达载体,并经PCR实验证实。结论:利用以自身携带的非编码区为调控序列的XLPBP全长基因和双向表达载体pCAMBIA3301为基础构建植物表达载体,可望提高外源基因表达量。     

天山雪莲LEA14基因克隆及功能分析

从天山雪莲叶片低温诱导的EST文库中获得了1个胚胎发育晚期丰富蛋白基因(LEA)cDNA全长序列。序列分析表明,该基因含有1个468bp编码155个氨基酸的开放阅读框。NCBI保守域预测此蛋白属于LEA_2家族,命名为SiLEA14。系统进化分析表明,该蛋白与北柴胡的LEA-2蛋白亲缘关系最近。荧光定量PCR结果显示,SiLEA14表达量在低温、盐和干旱胁迫条件下迅速升高。亚细胞定位结果表明,SiLEA14蛋白定位于细胞核中。利用农杆菌介导法将该基因导入烟草,测定并分析转基因植株在冷冻和盐胁迫处理下的生理指标,结果表明,SiLEA14基因在烟草中的过量表达提高了烟草的抗冻和耐盐能力。     

甘肃小苏干湖盐沼湿地盐地风毛菊叶形态-光合生理特征对淹水的响应

盐沼湿地植物叶片功能性状对淹水的响应分析, 有助于探究植物叶片可塑性机制与光合生理特征间的内在关联性, 对深入理解盐沼湿地植物的生境抗逆性策略具有重要意义。根据小苏干湖湖水泛滥区静水持留时间长短分别设置: 轻度淹水区(静水持留30-90天)、中度淹水区(静水持留90-150天)、重度淹水区(静水持留150-210天) 3个试验样地, 以盐地风毛菊(Saussurea salsa)为研究对象, 研究了小苏干湖盐沼湿地盐地风毛菊叶片功能性状对淹水的响应。结果表明: 随着静水持留时间的增加, 轻度淹水区盐地风毛菊形态上采用小比叶面积(SLA)的肉质化小叶模式, 光合生理上具有高实际光合效率(Y(II))和低调节性能量耗散的量子产额(Y(NPQ))的协同变异; 重度淹水区盐地风毛菊形态和光合生理上则采用与轻度淹水区完全相反的协同变异策略; 在3个样地中, SLA与Y(II)、光化学淬灭(QP)和Y(NPQ)间均呈极显著相关关系; 叶绿素a含量和叶绿素b含量与调节性能量耗散的量子产额(Y(NO))均呈显著正相关关系。小苏干湖湖水泛滥区静水时空演变格局影响下, 盐地风毛菊种群通过改变叶面积、叶厚度和SLA等叶片形态特征, 适时调整叶片Y(II)和Y(NPQ)等光合生理特征, 实现植物叶片光合碳同化产物的收支平衡, 表现出对水盐异质性环境较强的耐受性, 反映了盐沼湿地植物在极端生存环境下的叶片可塑性和抗逆性机制。     

新疆雪莲的高效液相指纹图谱及液-质联用分析

建立新疆雪莲药材的高效液相指纹图谱。以Luna C18为分析柱,用乙腈-0.1%醋酸梯度洗脱,获得分离度较好的新疆雪莲药材HPLC分析条件。通过10批样品的分析和对照,标示出12个共有峰,相似度分析大于0.92。最后通过HPLC-UV-MS/MS联用分析鉴定出其中7个化学成分。该方法可为新疆雪莲药材指纹图谱和质量分析方法的建立提供参考。     

四川省不同天然种群珙桐叶片解剖结构与其耐热性的关系

以四川省15个珙桐种群为试材,采用石蜡切片法、NaClO法观察叶片16项解剖结构,应用变异系数、聚类分析、相关性分析对叶片解剖结构进行筛选,利用隶属函数法对不同种群的耐热性进行综合评价,以期了解珙桐应对热胁迫的生理变化机制,为野生珙桐资源的保护及园林应用提供参考。结果表明：珙桐叶片为异面叶,气孔主要分布于下表皮。16项解剖结构指标在不同种群间达到极显著差异水平;栅海比、栅栏组织厚度、气孔密度、下表皮角质厚度、主脉凸起度、上表皮角质层厚度、下表皮细胞厚度是影响珙桐耐热性的主要解剖结构指标,叶厚度、海绵组织厚度、主脉厚度、上表皮细胞厚度、主脉维管束厚度、气孔长度、气孔宽度、叶片结构紧密度、叶片结构疏松度与耐热性关系不大;15个珙桐种群耐热性存在一定差异,其强弱顺序为：汉源 > 筠连 > 雷波 > 沐川 > 屏山 > 荥经 > 天全 > 美姑 > 平武 > 碧峰峡 > 北川 > 洪雅 > 宝兴 > 大邑 > 邛崃;15个种群耐热性大致分为4类：汉源种群为耐热型,筠连、雷波、沐川等3个种群为中度耐热型,屏山、荥经、天全、美姑、平武、碧峰峡、北川为低耐热型,洪雅、宝兴、雷波、邛崃等4个种群为不耐热型。     

The Genome-Wide Expression Profile of Saussurea lappa Extract on House Dust Mite-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in Nc/Nga Mice

Saussurea lappa has been reported to possess anti-atopic properties. In this study, we have confirmed the S. lappa’s anti-atopic properties in Nc/Nga mice and investigated the candidate gene related with its properties using microarray. We determined the target gene using real time PCR in in vitro experiment. S. lappa showed the significant reduction in atoptic dermatitis (AD) score and immunoglobulin E compared with the AD induced Nc/Nga mice. In the results of microarray using back skin obtained from animals, we found that S. lappa’s properties are closely associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Consistent with the microarray data, real-time RT-PCR confirmed these modulation at the mRNA level in skin tissues from S. lappa-treated mice. Among these genes, PI3Kca and IL20Rβ were significantly downregulated by S. lappa treatment in Nc/Nga mouse model. In in vitro experiment using HaCaT cells, we found that the S. lappa components, including alantolactone, caryophyllene, costic acid, costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone significantly decreased the expression of PI3Kca but not IL20Rβ in vitro. Therefore, our study suggests that PI3Kca-related signaling is closely related with the protective effects of S. lappa against the development of atopic-dermatitis.     

Artificial asymmetric warming reduces nectar yield in a Tibetan alpine species of Asteraceae

Background and Aims Asymmetric warming is one of the distinguishing features of global climate change, in which winter and night-time temperatures are predicted to increase more than summer and diurnal temperatures. Winter warming weakens vernalization and hence decreases the potential to flower for some perennial herbs, and night warming can reduce carbohydrate concentrations in storage organs. This study therefore hypothesized that asymmetric warming should act to reduce flower number and nectar production per flower in a perennial herb, Saussurea nigrescens, a key nectar plant for pollinators in Tibetan alpine meadows.Methods A long-term (6 years) warming experiment was conducted using open-top chambers placed in a natural meadow and manipulated to achieve asymmetric increases in temperature, as follows: a mean annual increase of 0·7 and 2·7 °C during the growing and non-growing seasons, respectively, combined with an increase of 1·6 and 2·8 °C in the daytime and night-time, respectively, from June to August. Measurements were taken of nectar volume and concentration (sucrose content), and also of leaf non-structural carbohydrate content and plant morphology.Key Results Six years of experimental warming resulted in reductions in nectar volume per floret (64·7 % of control), floret number per capitulum (8·7 %) and capitulum number per plant (32·5 %), whereas nectar concentration remained unchanged. Depletion of leaf non-structural carbohydrates was significantly higher in the warmed than in the ambient condition. Overall plant density was also reduced by warming, which, when combined with reductions in flower development and nectar volumes, led to a reduction of ∼90 % in nectar production per unit area.Conclusions The negative effect of asymmetric warming on nectar yields in S. nigrescens may be explained by a concomitant depletion of leaf non-structural carbohydrates. The results thus highlight a novel aspect of how climate change might affect plant–pollinator interactions and plant reproduction via induction of allocation shifts for plants growing in communities subject to asymmetric warming.